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Original Article:
Helicobacter pylori
infection in a multi-ethnic population in east coast of Borneo, Malaysia: The effects of ethnicity
Ooi-Cheng Lee, Chung-Ket Lai
One Health Bull
2022, 2:4 (25 May 2022)
DOI
:10.4103/2773-0344.345316
Objective:
To determine the prevalence of
Helicobacter (H.) pylori
infection among the population of east coast of Borneo and explore the relationship between demographic factors, ethnicity and risk of H.
pylori
infection.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study enrolled 211 patients who underwent elective oesophagogastroduodenoscopy in 2017. Demographic data, endoscopic indications as well as the results of the mucosal biopsy were obtained and analysed from the endoscopy unit registry.
Results:
A total of 211 patients from 14 ethnic groups were enrolled in the study, most of were Chinese (28.4%), followed by Dusun (14.7%) and Songgai (13.7%). Overall, the period prevalence for 2017 was 44.5%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed an association between ethnicity and H.
pylori
. Bajau (adjusted odds ratio=5.612,
P
=0.005) and Dusun ethnic groups (adjusted odds ratio=7.359,
P
=0.001) were at a significantly higher risk of H.
pylori
infection compared to Chinese. However, the regression model only explained 11.6% (Cox & Snell Pseudo R
2
) of the prevalence of
H. pylori
infection.
Conclusions:
The period prevalence for 2017 was 44.5%, with certain indigenous ethnic groups having a higher risk than others. Clinicians should consider obtaining further history regarding the ethnic’s culture and dietary practice prior to starting H.
pylori
eradication therapy.
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Original Article:
Assessment and predictors of HIV knowledge among vocational school adolescents in Thailand
Shamsudeen Yau, Ya'u Adamu, Pramote Wongsawat, Archin Songthap
One Health Bull
2022, 2:3 (25 May 2022)
DOI
:10.4103/2773-0344.345315
Background:
Despite substantial progress in the fight against human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome globally, it remains a threat to global adolescent health. This study assessed the level of HIV knowledge among vocational school students and identified the relevant factors.
Methods:
This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted from August to September 2019. A total of 345 students aged 15 to 19 years were selected from three vocational schools in Phitsanulok Province, Thailand, using a multistage random sampling technique. The HIV Knowledge Questionnaire (18 item version) was used to collect the data, which were analysed by mean, frequency,
Chi-
square and binary logistic regression.
Results:
Only 38.8% of participants were fully aware of HIV knowledge; five individual items showed a significant difference in knowledge of HIV between males and females; two items relating to HIV prevention knowledge (
P
=0.021, 0.009); two items relating HIV transmission (
P
=0.028, 0.035); one item relating to HIV diagnosis (
P
=0.008). Factors that were significantly associated with HIV knowledge included gender (male
vs
. female,
OR
1.83, 95%
CI
1.01-3.34), residence (sub-district municipality area
vs
. sub-district of administrative organization area,
OR
0.44, 95%
CI
0.23-0.84), education (2nd and 3rd academic year
vs
. 1st,
OR
7.00, 95%
CI
2.40-20.41;
OR
6.40, 95%
CI
2.05-20.01) and source of income (from both parents
vs
. self,
OR
0.07, 95%
CI
0.04-0.64).
Conclusions:
There are serious deficits and disparities in the knowledge of male and female adolescents on HIV transmission, prevention and diagnosis, and there is a need to expand the provision of gender-focused sexual health education programs.
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Original Article:
Prevalence, phenotype and genotype characteristics of antibiotic resistance in coastal beach practitioners of tropical China
Wenfang Long, Tianjiao Li, Guohui Yi, Feng Liang, Gaoyao Hu, Jizhen Wu, Hairong Huang, Mingxue Li
One Health Bull
2022, 2:2 (28 April 2022)
DOI
:10.4103/2773-0344.343630
Objective:
To investigate the genetic mechanism and prevalence of antibiotic resistance among the practitioners of two bathing beaches in tropical China.
Methods:
Totally 259 strains were isolated from the rectal swabs of the practitioners and screened by MacConkey agar. A questionnaire survey was conducted. Kirby-Bauer test was used for phenotype, and double disc inhibition synergy test was used for extended-spectrum β -lactamase-producing
Enterobacteriaceae
(ESBL-E), which was further confirmed by VITEKII instrument. The genotype was detected by polymerase chain reaction, and the similarities of ESBL-E were analyzed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.
Results:
The prevalence of ESBL-E was 13.1% (34/259), of which,
CTX-M
genes accounted for 44.1% (15/34), mainly
CTX-M-14
and
CTX-M-27
. Moreover, 19.1% (4/21) of the isolates were homologous. The resistance phenotypes of ESBL-E to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ceftazidime, cefepime and gentamicin were different between two beaches(
P
<0.05). The prevalence of ESBL-E was caused by
CTX-M
genes at the island beach, while a high prevalence of ESBL-E was found at the city beach and clone transfer occurred.
Conclusions:
ESBL-E-associated gentamicin antibiotic resistance risk may be greater for island beach practitioners. The city beach populations could face more potential risks owing to severe resistance and metastatic ability of ESBL-E. The environmental exposure mechanisms and transfer role of antibiotic resistance at public beaches with high density should be investigated.
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Perspective:
“One Health” perspective and public health management strategies
Jun Yang
One Health Bull
2022, 2:1 (31 March 2022)
DOI
:10.4103/2773-0344.342344
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